Init

.cargo/config.toml

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+[build]
+target = "chrustos.json"
+
+[unstable]
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]
+build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
+runner = "bootimage runner"

.gitignore

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+# Generated by Cargo
+# will have compiled files and executables
+debug/
+target/
+
+# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
+# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
+Cargo.lock
+
+# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
+**/*.rs.bk
+
+# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
+*.pdb

Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "chrustos"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Piotr <siuszko@zoho.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+bootloader = "0.9.19"
+x86_64 = "0.14.6"
+spin = "0.5.2"
+
+[dependencies.lazy_static]
+version = "1.0"
+features = ["spin_no_std"]
+
+[package.metadata.bootimage]
+build-command = ["build"]
+
+run-command = [
+  "qemu-system-x86_64", "-drive", "format=raw,file={}"
+]

Makefile

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+all:
+	bootimage run --target=chrustos.json
+
+tree:
+	tree -A -I target
+
+clean:
+	rm -f Cargo.lock
+	rm -f chrustos.bin
+	cargo clean

chrustos.json

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+{
+  "llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
+  "data-layout": "e-m:e-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
+  "arch": "x86_64",
+  "target-endian": "little",
+  "target-pointer-width": "64",
+  "target-c-int-width": "32",
+  "os": "none",
+  "linker": "rust-lld",
+  "linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
+  "executables": true,
+  "features": "-mmx,-sse,+soft-float",
+  "disable-redzone": true,
+  "panic-strategy": "abort"
+}

src/color.rs

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+#[allow(unused)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Color {
+    Black = 0x0,
+    White = 0xF,
+    Blue = 0x1,
+    BrightBlue = 0x9,
+    Green = 0x2,
+    BrightGreen = 0xA,
+    Cyan = 0x3,
+    BrightCyan = 0xB,
+    Red = 0x4,
+    BrightRed = 0xC,
+    Magenta = 0x5,
+    BrightMagenta = 0xD,
+    Brown = 0x6,
+    Yellow = 0xE,
+    Gray = 0x7,
+    DarkGray = 0x8,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct ColorCode(u8);
+
+impl ColorCode {
+    pub fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
+        ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
+    }
+}

src/cursor.rs

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+use crate::color::Color;
+use core::fmt;
+
+pub struct Cursor {
+    pub position: isize,
+    pub foreground: Color,
+    pub background: Color,
+}
+
+impl Cursor {
+    pub fn color(&self) -> u8 {
+        let fg = self.foreground as u8;
+        let bg = (self.background as u8) << 4;
+        fg | bg
+    }
+
+    pub fn print(&mut self, text: &[u8]) {
+        let color = self.color();
+
+        let framebuffer = 0xb8000 as *mut u8;
+
+        for &character in text {
+            unsafe {
+                framebuffer.offset(self.position).write_volatile(character);
+                framebuffer.offset(self.position + 1).write_volatile(color);
+            }
+            self.position += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn clr(&mut self) {
+        self.position = 0;
+        for _ in 0..(80 * 25) {
+            self.print(b" ");
+        }
+        self.position = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Cursor {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Cursor {
+            position: 0,
+            foreground: Color::Green,
+            background: Color::DarkGray,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Write for Cursor {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.print(s.as_bytes());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/main.rs

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+#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
+#![feature(lang_items)]
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use core::fmt::Write;
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+
+use x86_64::instructions::hlt;
+
+mod color;
+mod cursor;
+mod vga_buffer;
+use color::{Color, ColorCode};
+use cursor::Cursor;
+use vga_buffer::*;
+
+pub fn print_something() {
+    let mut writer = Writer {
+        column_position: 0,
+        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+    };
+
+    writer.write_byte(b'H');
+    writer.write_string("ello ");
+    writer.write_string("Wörld!\n");
+    writer.write_string("Awruk!\n");
+}
+
+#[panic_handler]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    println!("{}", info);
+
+    loop {
+        hlt();
+    }
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
+    print_something();
+    println!("DSADSA");
+    println!("Test {}", 5132.31);
+    // panic!("help!");
+    loop {
+        hlt();
+    }
+}

src/vga_buffer.rs

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+use crate::color::{Color, ColorCode};
+use core::fmt;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use spin::Mutex;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
+        column_position: 0,
+        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+    });
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct ScreenChar {
+    ascii_character: u8,
+    color_code: ColorCode,
+}
+
+const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
+const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct Buffer {
+    chars: [[ScreenChar; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
+}
+
+pub struct Writer {
+    pub column_position: usize,
+    pub color_code: ColorCode,
+    pub buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
+}
+
+impl Writer {
+    pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
+        match byte {
+            b'\n' => self.new_line(),
+            byte => {
+                if self.column_position >= BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                    self.new_line();
+                }
+
+                let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
+                let col = self.column_position;
+
+                let color_code = self.color_code;
+                let screen_char = ScreenChar {
+                    ascii_character: byte,
+                    color_code,
+                };
+                unsafe {
+                    core::ptr::write_volatile(&mut self.buffer.chars[row][col], screen_char);
+                }
+                self.column_position += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        for byte in s.bytes() {
+            match byte {
+                // printable ASCII byte or newline
+                0x20..=0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
+                // not part of printable ASCII range
+                _ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn new_line(&mut self) {
+        for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
+            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                unsafe {
+                    let screen_char = core::ptr::read_volatile(&self.buffer.chars[row][col]);
+                    core::ptr::write_volatile(&mut self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col], screen_char);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
+        self.column_position = 0;
+    }
+
+    fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
+        let blank = ScreenChar {
+            ascii_character: b' ',
+            color_code: self.color_code,
+        };
+        for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+            unsafe {
+                core::ptr::write_volatile(&mut self.buffer.chars[row][col], blank);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.write_string(s);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+}